Tuesday, December 17, 2019

How Does Power Affect The Lives Of Macbeth And Dr. Faustus

Faustus/Macbeth- Marlowe/Shakespeare Death, magic, and evil are what you will encounter when you dive into these two works of Macbeth and Dr. Faustus. The two protagonists in these stories show a great deal of ambition. These men were in the top of their professions when they gave up everything for a little taste of power. These plays illustrate a problem that is still relevant today. Humans can never be satisfied with what they have. They are always searching for more. In these stories the men will do exactly what ever it take to achieve this goal. In this paper I want to compare the route that Faustus and Macbeth take in order to gain power. The question I am going to answer is how does power affect the lives of Macbeth and Dr. Faustus†¦show more content†¦In the end it cost both of them their lives. â€Å"So shall the spirits of every element Be always serviceable to us three† (Landers). This quote for Dr. Faustus shows how he turnt to the spirts to do his bidding , quenching his thirst for power. The route of how Macbeth and Faustus chose to attain this power is very similar. The supernatural were a phenomena that people were captivated by, and that still holds true to day. Faustus sought his power from selling his soul to the devil. The worst crime any mortal could comitt. The route he took to get to the devil was through magic. This is very similar to how Macbeth found his way to power. Macbeth fell into connection with the three witches or weird sisters. They used there magic to tell Macbeth his future. He then took matters into his own hands to seek his power. Faustus and Macbeth encounters with supernatural led them down the path of destruction. Every choice that they made after there contracts with the supernatural affected their lives in major ways. â€Å"He surfeits upon cursed necromancy. Nothing so sweet as magic is to him,Which he prefers before his chiefest bliss†(Landers). Magic to these characters was the upmost importan ce. The lives of Faustus and Macbeth were not happy ones. After their acquirement of power they lived unhappy lives. Both of these characters were very preoccupied about the repercussions of the deeds that they hadShow MoreRelated Dr. Faustus Essay: Free Will and Personal Responsibility3312 Words   |  14 PagesResponsibility in Faustus  Ã‚   It can be argued that Doctor Faustus is damned from the moment of conception. His innate desire for knowledge inevitably leads to his downfall. He represents the common human dissatisfaction with being human and the struggle of accepting our lack of omnipotence and omniscience. Marlowe manipulates this struggle between the aspirations of one character of his time and the implications to Christianity in relation to its doctrine of heaven and hell. Indeed, Doctor Faustus asks for

Monday, December 9, 2019

Greek Mythology and Religion Essay Example For Students

Greek Mythology and Religion Essay Mythology is the study and interpretation of myth and the body of myths of a particular culture. Myth is a complex cultural phenomenon that can be approached from a number of viewpoints. In general, myth is a narrative that describes and portrays in symbolic language the origin of the basic elements and assumptions of a culture. Mythic narrative relates, for example, how the world began, how humans and animals were created, and how certain customs, gestures, or forms of human activities originated. Almost all cultures possess or at one time possessed and lived in terms of myths. Myths differ from fairy tales in that they refer to a time that is different from ordinary. The time sequence of myth is extraordinary- an other time the time before the conventional world came into being. Because myths refer to an extraordinary time and place and to gods and other supernatural beings and processes, they have usually been seen as aspects of religion. Because of the inclusive nature of myth, however, it can illustrate many aspects of individual and cultural life. Meaning and interpretationFrom the beginnings of Western culture, myth has presented a problem of meaning and interpretation, and a history of controversy has gathered about both the value and the status of mythology.Myth, History, and ReasonIn the Greek heritage of the West, myth or mythos has always been in tension with reason or logos, which signified the sensible and analytic mode of arriving at a true account of reality. The Greek philosophers Xenophanes, Plato, and Aristotle, for example, exalted reason and made sarcastic criticisms of myth as a proper way of knowing reality. The distinctions between reason and myth and between myth and history, although essential, were never quite absolute. Aristotle concluded that in some of the early Greek creation myths, logos and mythos overlapped. Plato used myths as metaphors and also as literary devices in developing an argument. Western Mythical TraditionsThe debate over whether myth, reason, or history best expresses the meaning of the reality of the gods, humans, and nature has continued in Western culture as a legacy from its earliest traditions. Among these traditions were the myths of the Greeks. Adopted and assimilated by the Romans, they furnished literary, philosophical, and artistic inspiration to such later periods as the Renaissance and the romantic era. The pagan tribes of Europe furnished another body of tradition. After these tribes became part of Christendom, elements of their mythologies persisted as the folkloric substratum of various European cultures.Greek religion and mythology are supernatural beliefs and ritual observances of the ancient Greeks, commonly related to a diffuse and contradictory body of stories and legends. The most notable features of this religion were many gods having different personalities having human form and feelings, the absence of any established religious rules or authoritative revelation such as, for example, the Bible, the strong use of rituals, and the government almost completely subordinating the populations religious beliefs. Apart from the mystery cults, most of the early religions in Greece are not solemn or serious in nature nor do they contain the concepts of fanaticism or mystical inspiration, which were Asian beliefs and did not appear until the Hellenistic period (about 323-146 B. C.). At its first appearance in classical literature, Greek mythology had already received its definitive form. Some divinities were either introduced or developed more fully at a later date, but in Homers Iliad and Odyssey the major Olympian gods appear in substantially the forms they retained until paganism ceased to exist. Homer usually is considered responsible for the highly developed personifications of the gods and the comparative rationalism that characterized Greek religious thought. In general Greek gods were divided into those of heaven, earth, and sea; frequently, however, the gods governing the earth and sea constituted a single category. Principal DivinitiesThe celestial gods were thought to dwell in the sky or on Mount Olympus in Thessaly. The Earth, or chthonic (Gr. The difference between price and non price competition Essay Public gratitude was expressed for being unexpectedly delivered from evil happenings or for being unusually prosperous. Organization and BeliefsDespite its central position in both private and public life, Greek religion was notably lacking in an organized professional priesthood. At the sites of the mysteries, as at Eleusis, and the oracles, as at Delphi, the priests exercised great authority, but usually they were merely official representatives of the community, chosen as other officers were, or sometimes permitted to buy their position. Even when the office was hereditary or confined to a certain family, it was not regarded as conferring upon its possessor any particular knowledge of the will of the gods or any special power to constrain them. The Greeks saw no need for an intermediary between themselves and their gods. Greek ideas about the soul and the afterlife were indefinite, but it was apparently the popular belief that the soul survived the body. It either hovered about the tomb or departed to a region where it led a sad existence needing the offerings brought by relatives. The disembodied soul was also presumed to have the power of inflicting injury on the living, and proper funeral rites were held to ensure the peace and goodwill of the deceased. Within the framework of Greek worship of many gods are traces of the belief that all natural objects are endowed with spirits. Fetishism, the belief in the magical efficacy of objects employed as talismans against evil, was another feature of early Greek religion. Examples of fetishes are the sacred stones, sometimes regarded as images of specific deities, such as the pyramidal Zeus at Phlius or the rough stones called the Graces at the ruined city of Orchomenus in Boeotia. OriginsAncient Greek religion has been the subject of speculation and research from classic times to the present. Herodotus believed that the rites of many of the gods had been derived from the Egyptians. Prodicus of Ceos (5th cent. B.C. ), a Sophist philosopher, seems to have taught that the gods were simply personifications of natural phenomena, such as the sun, moon, winds, and water. Euhemerus (370?-298 B.C. ), a historian of myths believed, and many other shared this belief, that myths were the distortions of history and that gods were the idealized heroes of the past. Modern etymology and anthropology research produced the theory that Greek religion resulted from a combination of Indo-European beliefs and ideas and customs native to the Mediterranean countries since the original inhabitants of those lands were conquered by Indo-European invaders. The basic elements of classical Greek religion were, in the Hellenistic and Roman periods, somewhat modified and supplemented by the influences of philosophy, Middle Eastern cults, and changes in popular belief (as shown, for instance, in the rise of the cult of Fortune, or Tyche). The main outlines of the official religion, however, remained unchanged.BibliographyAncient Myths, by Norma Lorre Goodrich Meridian Books (July 1994)The Greek Gods, by Bernard Evslin (August 1995)Greek Myths, by Olivia E. Coolidge (December 1949) Greek and Egyptian Mythologies, by Yves Bonnefoy (November 1992) Gods and Heroes; Story of Greek Mythology, by Michael Foss (September 1995) Funk and Wagnalls, New EncyclopediaMultipedia CD-ROM for windows

Monday, December 2, 2019

Methicillin

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is a Staphylococcal bacterium that is impervious to a collection of antibiotics referred to as beta-lactams. Beta-lactams include antibiotics such as methicillin, amoxillin, penicillin, and oxacillin (â€Å"CDC – Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Infections†).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus are also unaffected by cephalosporins (Chang 4). Several factors contribute to antibiotic resistance in bacteria. These factors include mutations, overuse, and misuse of antibiotics (Chang 9). A good number of MRSA diseases are skin illnesses. Relentless or potentially grave MRSA illnesses happen more often to immunocompromised patients in healthcare surroundings. However, recent occurrences indicate more people who live away from hospitals get MRSA. This strain is the â€Å"community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA) or superbug strain† (Todar 2). The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cite that of the 25% to 30% of people colonized by staphylococcus bacteria, only 2% has MRSA. Colonization occurs when an individual has the bacteria, but reveals no indicators of the disease. Chang attributes colonization to the existing equilibrium between the presence of bacteria and the body’s capability to battle the infection (2). Besides, Staphylococcus coexists with other types of bacteria on the skin, which do not allow it to dominate fully. An individual’s strong immunity also forestalls Staph infections in colonized people. Staphylococci are sphere-shaped bacteria that come about in tiny groups similar to grapes. They are Gram-positive bacteria commonly found on noses of healthy humans (as normal flora). Other body areas such as the mouth, skin, and the digestive system also harbor St aphylococcus aureus (Todar 1). Picture1: An electron micrograph showing Staphylococcus aureus (Todar 1).Advertising Looking for essay on biology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The genus Staphylococcus belongs to family Staphylococcaceae. Staphylococcus aureus grows into a big yellow colony on enriched culture medium and is hemolytic on blood agar (1). According to Todar, the Staph bacteria display optimum growth in a variety of conditions such as sodium chloride strengths of 15% and warmth of 15oC to 45oC (1). Staphylococci form flawlessly round cells with a thickness of one micrometer. They grow in bunches because the cells split in succession, in three perpendicular levels with the progeny staying connected to each other after every division (Todar 1). This forms an overall appearance of an uneven assembly of cells. Staphylococcus aureus are non motile and do not develop spores (1). These bacteria produce numerous potenti ally hostile factors that help them during colonization of the host. Examples of these factors are surface proteins, invasions, surface factors, and exotoxins. In addition, MRSA have biochemical qualities such as immunological covers that help them continue to exist in phagocytes. Early detection of symptoms is essential for cure and proper management of any infection. Therefore, it is crucial to identify the symptoms associated with Staphylococcal infections. Common MRSA illnesses in the community are skin diseases whose main symptoms are abscesses. These abscesses are often red, sore, enlarged and contain secretions such as pus. The blisters often mimic the appearance of spider bites and commonly ensue at locations of noticeable skin damage (for example grazes and scratches), and sections of the body concealed by body hair such as the armpits, groin, nape, and the chin in men. MRSA in hospital situations frequently triggers dangerous infections, for example, bloodstream diseases, pneumonia, and surgical spot illnesses. In such situations, the symptoms often differ by the kind and phase of the infection (â€Å"CDC – Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Infections†). Acute MRSA may also cause conditions such as Toxic Shock Syndrome, bacteremia, and necrotizing fasciitis (Chang 2). Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Picture 2: A cutaneous eruption due to MRSA, Photo credit: Gregory Moran, M.D. (â€Å"CDC – Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Infections†). Most people naturally have Staphylococcus bacteria on their bodies. Therefore, body contact (skin to skin) is the main mode of spreading Staph. Athletic gear, razor blades, tattoo tools, bed sheets, and towels also pass on Staphylococcal infections. Sports activities involving close body contact (for e xample boxing, wrestling, and soccer) play a significant role in communicating these illnesses (Chang 9). Latest studies indicate that domestic pets for instance dogs and cats spread MRSA infections, as well. Cure for MRSA involves wound therapy and elimination of the bacteria. Treating skin wounds requires nipping, draining, and application of antiseptics to the wounds. Elimination of the bacteria is a challenging task considering MRSA resistance to most antibiotics. However, several other antibiotics still have effects on MRSA. These include drugs such as â€Å"vancomycin, linezolid, daptomycin, tigecyclin, and quinupristin-dalphopristin† (Chang 4). Patients must always take the antibiotics according to the prescription, and go back to the doctor if the illness refuses to go away a few days after the initiation of treatment. CDC advises healthcare givers to culture the microorganisms and do susceptibility testing. This procedure guides treatment especially in serious infect ions that may be unsuccessful in responding to early medication. MRSA preclusion efforts differ according to an individual’s surroundings. However, the most effective preventive measures entail high levels of personal hygiene. People ought to keep their hands methodically clean by washing them with soap and clean water, or using alcohol-containing hand wash liquids. Chang cites that hand washing with soap must involve energetic rubbing for about 20 seconds, rinsing, and thorough drying using a disposable wipe (8). When using alcohol-based sanitizers, sufficient amount of the solution should be rubbed meticulously on the hands paying consideration to the fingers and thumbs. The product is left to dry naturally on the hands. Chang insists that allowing the sanitizer to dry naturally gives it time to destroy germs on the hands (8). Infected people ought to ensure that they observe this routine each time they handle their wounds, which must be covered appropriately until they hea l. Healthy people are supposed to avoid touching infected wounds and used dressings. Maintaining a healthy environment by ensuring that all surfaces are clean also helps in preventing MRSA. Patients ought to continue taking the prescribed doses of antibiotics to ensure complete elimination of pathogens in the body. In healthcare settings, the CDC gives charts with relevant information on precautions to prevent infection.Advertising Looking for essay on biology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More These measures are similar to those in personal prevention. However, they include extra safety measures such as ensuring that infected patients are occupying their own rooms and restricting them from visiting common regions of the hospital. The CDC encourages healthcare givers to wear gloves and gowns on top of their regular clothes while attending to patients with MRSA. Doctors and nurses are at liberty of carrying out random MRSA tests on patients by wiping a cotton swab on the patients’ nose or skin. MRSA prevention in hospitals also requires that the entire hospital undergoes disinfection once in a while. However, hospital paraphernalia can be sanitized regularly (â€Å"CDC – Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Infections†). The traits of MRSA as revealed by this paper indicate that MRSA is here to stay since Staphylococcus bacteria are part of the body’s normal flora. It is, therefore, up to humans to learn to coexist with Staphylococc i by maintaining high standards of hygiene to prevent illnesses attributable to MRSA. Works Cited CDC – Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Infections. n.d. Web. https://www.cdc.gov/mrsa/healthcare/outpatient.html?CDC_AA_refVal=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fmrsa%2Ftreatment%2Findex.html. Chang, R. Hernan. MRSA and Staphylococcal Infections. United States of America: Lulu.com, 2006. Print. Todar, Kenneth. â€Å"Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcal Disease.† Todar’s Online Textbook of Bacteriology. 06 Jan. 2012. Web. http://textbookofbacteriology.net/staph_2.html. This essay on Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) was written and submitted by user Iron Cross Army to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.